Image Source : https://www.climate-transparency.org/g20-summit-need-for-urgent-climate-action   The Group of Twenty, or G20, is the premier forum for international cooperation on the most important aspects of the international economic and financial agenda. It brings together the world’s major advanced and emerging economies. The G20 comprises of Argentina, Australia, Brazil, Canada, China, EU, France, Germany, India, Indonesia, Italy, Japan, Mexico, Russia, Saudi Arabia, South Africa, South Korea, Turkey, UK and USA. The G20 Countries together represent around 90% of global GDP, 80% of global trade, and two thirds of the world’s population. The objectives of the G20 are: Policy coordination between its members in order to achieve global economic stability, sustainable growth; to promote financial regulations that reduce risks and prevent future financial crises; and to create a new international financial architecture.   India and G20   India’s participation in the G20 process stems from the realization that as a major developing economy it has stake in the stability of the international economic and financial system. India has been actively involved in the G20 preparatory process both at the Sherpas Track and the Financial Track since its inception. India’s agenda at the G20 Summits is driven by the need to bring in greater inclusivity ...

Image source : https://earth911.com, www.business-standard.com,  www.downtoearth.org.in, www.indiaspend.com   Growing mountains of non-biodegradable garbage mainly plastic has become a menace. It is choking our drains, our rivers and our streets. Stagnant water on road leads to unhygienic conditions as plastic waste clog drains and therefore inhibit proper drainage. Plastic has become the most ubiquitous and necessary material that humankind has created for itself. The biggest increase in the use of plastic has come in the packaging industry. The pandemic of 2020 has only made matters worse: the use of plastic — particularly single-use and disposable — has increased manifold as a protection against the infection.   Moreover, tiny fragments have been found in tap water and air we breathe. Plastic breaks up or crushes under sunlight which then eventually enters and contaminate our environment and bodies. There are options for disposing plastic waste such as recycle (but the secondary product produced is not of much economic value) and incineration (but expensive emission control equipments are required to clean polluted air generated). Roughly, 6 per cent of the world’s oil consumption goes into making this wonder substance.   The Annual Report on implementation of the Plastic Waste Rules, 2016, which is compiled by ...

Image source : https://www.motherearthnews.com/nature-and-environment/preserving-biodiversity-zmaz81mjzraw क्र. शब्द                                                         अर्थ 1 चेरनोबिल रेडियोधर्मी आपदा (Chernobyl Radioactive Disaster ) 1986 में  यूक्रेन के चेरनोबिल परमाणु ऊर्जा संयंत्र की दुर्घटना एक दोषपूर्ण रिएक्टर डिजाइन का परिणाम थी जो अपर्याप्त प्रशिक्षित कर्मियों के साथ संचालित की गई थी। दुर्घटना के  परिणामस्वरूप विस्फोटक  भाप और आग के साथ रेडियोधर्मी रिएक्टर के 190 मीट्रिक टन यूरेनियम का 30 प्रतिशत पर्यावरण में फ़ैल गया , और सोवियत संघ ने अंततः रिएक्टर के चारों ओर 19 मील-चौड़ा "अपवर्जन क्षेत्र" स्थापित करते हुए 3,35,000 लोगों को विस्थापित किया था । दुर्घटना की रात विस्फोट के कारण चेरनोबिल संयंत्र के  दो श्रमिकों की मृत्यु हो गई और तीव्र विकिरण सिंड्रोम के परिणामस्वरूप कुछ ही हफ्तों में 28 और लोगों की मौत हो गई थी जबकि 100 से अधिक घायल हुए थे । वैज्ञानिकों का अनुमान है कि दुर्घटनाग्रस्त संयंत्र के चारों ओर का क्षेत्र 20,000 वर्षों तक रहने योग्य नहीं होगा। 2 चरमोत्कर्ष समुदाय (Climax community) चरमोत्कर्ष समुदाय (Climax community) शब्द का उपयोग किसी पारिस्थितिक समुदाय के  उत्तरवर्तन  (succession)  के अंतिम चरण को व्यक्त करने ...